Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride, >95%

Tetrabutylphosphonium Chloride: A Versatile and Greener Chemical Compound

About: Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2)4P (Cl) and the CAS number 2304-30-5. It is also known as tetra-n-butylphosphonium chloride or p4444 cl. It is a solid that with a melting point ~70°C.

Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride has many applications in various fields, such as catalysis, fire retardancy, solubility, ionic liquids and electroplating. It is also a greener alternative product that adheres to one or more of the principles of green chemistry, such as reducing waste, using renewable resources, and minimizing environmental impact.

Example Applications of tetrabutylphosphonium chloride are:

• As a medium to disperse ruthenium catalyst for the synthesis of ethylene glycol from synthesis gas via ruthenium melt catalysis.
• As a catalyst supported on silica or alumina for the halogen exchange reaction to synthesize alkyl bromide from alkyl chloride.
• As a phase transfer catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives by the condensation reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile, and α- or β-naphthol.
• As a phase transfer catalyst for the synthesis of methyl esters by esterification reaction of carboxylic acids with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of K2CO3.
• Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride is also used as a fire retardant additive for vinyl resin and chloroprene rubber. It can reduce the flammability and smoke emission of these materials by forming a protective char layer on the surface when exposed to heat or flame.
• P4444 Cl also acts as a plasticizer and improves the flexibility and durability of various polymeric materials.
• Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride has a unique solubility behavior in water. It forms a biphasic system with water at low concentrations, but becomes completely miscible with water at high concentrations. The transition point occurs at around 85 to 92.5 mol% water, which coincides with the mixture’s maximum cellulose solubility. This property makes tetrabutylphosphonium chloride an attractive solvent for cellulose processing and dissolution.

Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride as an Ionic liquid:

It can also be used as an ionic liquid for various applications. Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid below 100C. They have many advantages over conventional solvents, such as low volatility, high thermal stability, wide liquid range, tunable properties, and good solvation ability. Some of the applications of tetrabutylphosphonium chloride as an ionic liquid are:

• As a phosphorus source for microwave-driven synthesis of nickel phosphide nanoparticles for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.
• As an anion exchange platform for phenolate-based ionic liquids with different functional groups.
• Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride can also be used as an electroplating agent for various metals, such as copper, nickel, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys. Electroplating is a process of coating a metal surface with another metal by passing an electric current through an electrolytic solution containing metal ions.
• Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride can act as both an electrolyte and a complexing agent for metal ions in electroplating solutions. It can improve the quality and uniformity of metal coatings by reducing the polarization and overpotential effects. It can also enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of metal coatings by forming stable phosphorus-containing compounds on the surface.

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