2-Hydroxyethylammonium formate, CAS: 53226-35-0

Key Applications:

Catalysis and Organic Synthesis

• Functions as a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst for esterification, transesterification, and dehydration reactions.
• Serves as a reaction medium for acid‑catalyzed transformations, enabling enhanced solubility of polar substrates.
• Supports CO₂‑related chemistry, including formylation and formate‑mediated reduction pathways due to its formate anion.

Biomass and Carbohydrate Processing

• Effective in cellulose swelling, dissolution, and pretreatment, improving accessibility for enzymatic hydrolysis.
• Used in lignocellulosic fractionation where its hydrogen‑bonding network disrupts biomass structure.
• Facilitates hemicellulose and lignin extraction under mild conditions.

Electrochemistry and Energy Applications

• Acts as a protic ionic liquid electrolyte with good ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window.
• Investigated for fuel cell membranes, particularly in systems requiring proton‑conducting, non‑volatile electrolytes.
• Supports electrodeposition processes where formate ions influence metal ion reduction behavior.

Materials Processing and Polymer Chemistry

• Serves as a solvent and processing aid for polyols, polyurethanes, and other hydrogen‑bonding polymers.
• Used in surface modification and polymer functionalization where mild acidity and polarity are advantageous.
• Enables nanomaterial dispersion, particularly for metal oxides and carbon‑based materials.

Analytical and Separation Uses

• Functions as a mobile‑phase additive in LC–MS and ion chromatography, providing volatility and pH control.
• Useful in selective extraction of polar analytes due to its tunable solvation properties.

Environmental and Green Chemistry Applications

• Employed in CO₂ capture and conversion studies, leveraging the formate anion’s reactivity.
• Supports low‑toxicity, biodegradable solvent systems for sustainable reaction design.
• Used in aqueous biphasic systems for environmentally friendly separations.

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